Great Bustard
Otis tarda (Linnaeus, 1758)
US
GREBU
4460
Family: Otidiformes > Otididae
Once a regular breeder, the Great Bustard declined to become an extremely rare visitor. Attempts to re-establish a population on Salisbury Plain were initiated in 2004.
Despite the association of this bird with farming, the disappearance of this striking species – which requires large open landscapes – coincided with the enclosure of fields with hedgerows. The last wild breeding individual was collected in 1832 in Suffolk.
Identification
Great Bustard identification is usually straightforward.
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Population size and trends and patterns of distribution based on BTO surveys and atlases with data collected by BTO volunteers.
POPULATION CHANGE
The Great Bustard bred in England from the late fifteenth to the early nineteenth century, but became extinct as a British breeding bird in 1832 (Waters & Waters 2005; Shrubb 2011). A reintroduction programme on Salisbury Plain began in 2004 and successful nesting first occurred in 2009 (Burnside et al. 2011). The project is ongoing and breeding numbers have increased slowly with 12 nesting females in 2019; a minimum of five of these nests were successful with at least ten young fledging (Eaton et al. 2021).
DISTRIBUTION
Since 2004 Great Bustards have been reintroduced to Salisbury Plain, with breeding first confirmed in 2009.
Occupied 10-km squares in UK
No. occupied in breeding season | 1 |
% occupied in breeding season | 0.03 |
No. occupied in winter | 20 |
% occupied in winter | 0.7 |
European Distribution Map
DISTRIBUTION CHANGE
% change in range in winter (1981–84 to 2007–11) | +400% |
Movement
Information about movement and migration based on online bird portals (e.g. BirdTrack), Ringing schemes and tracking studies.
RINGING RECOVERIES
View a summary of recoveries in the Online Ringing Report.
Biology
Lifecycle and body size information about Great Bustard, including statistics on nesting, eggs and lifespan based on BTO ringing and nest recording data.
PRODUCTIVITY & NESTING
Sample sizes are too small to report Productivity and Nesting statistics for this species.
BIOMETRICS
Sample sizes are too small to report Biometrics for this species.
Feather measurements and photos on featherbase
CODES & CLASSIFICATION
Field Codes | 2-letter: US | 5-letter code: GREBU | Euring: 4460 |
For information in another language (where available) click on a linked name
Research
Interpretation and scientific publications about Great Bustard from BTO scientists.
CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS
Causes of change
All recent breeding attempts have resulted from the ongoing reintroduction programme on Salisbury Plain (Burnside et al. 2011). Although breeding numbers have been increasing slowly it remains too early to confirm whether this programme will be successful and will enable a self-sustaining population to survive in the longer term.
Links to more studies from ConservationEvidence.com
- Helping reintroduced houbara bustards avoid predation: effective anti-predator training and the predictive value of pre-release behaviour
- Restoration of Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii (Houbara Bustard) Populations in Saudi Arabia: A Progress Report
- Release techniques and predation in the introduction of houbara bustards in Saudi Arabia
Read more studies about Great Bustard on Conservation Evidence >
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